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Mandalari , D. Carughi Published 22 December Medicine Plants Epidemiological and clinical studies have indicated positive outcomes related to tree nut consumption. Here, we review the production, nutrient, phytochemical composition and emerging research trends on the health benefits of pistachio nuts Pistacia vera L. Pistachios are a good source of protein, fiber, monounsaturated fatty acids, minerals and vitamins, as well as carotenoids, phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins.

Polyphenols in pistachios are important contributors to the… Expand. View PDF. Save to Library Save. Create Alert Alert. Share This Paper. Figures and Tables from this paper. International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. These findings have important implications for the horticultural management of this fruit species and can help in the breeding strategies for selecting the parents to cross the pistachio tree.

Materials and Methods 2. N , in 27th of June and in 22nd of July Bearing branches showed from 40 to 50 fruits; non-bearing had no fruits. The 12 samples were loaded into one lane of an Illumina flow cell, and clusters were created by Illumina Bot. De Novo Assembly, Evaluation and Annotation The quality of the raw sequences generated from transcriptome sequencing was assessed with FastQC version 1.

The total pre-processed reads from all 12 samples were then de novo assembled using Trinity [21] version 2. The complete assembly statistics and evaluation statistics is given in Table S1. The complete workflow of the Pistachio de novo transcriptome assembly and annotation were summarized in Figure S1. The comparison selected for the study is given in Table 1. Genes represented with an adjusted p-value FDR lower than 0.

In addition, the functional-enrichment analysis was performed to identify which gene ontology GO terms and metabolic pathways that were significantly enriched in differentially expressed genes DEGs.

Table 1. Results 3. De Novo Transcriptome Assembly and Annotation High-throughput sequencing technology has provided an excellent opportunity for transcriptome survey in non-model plant species, including P. To examine the inflorescence bud abscission phenomenon of P.

The picking dates of the material coincide with a period of the initial competition between fruit and inflorescence buds, not causing inflorescence bud drop, and a period of strong completion, causing the drop of inflorescence buds. The sequencing of the data of June produced million raw reads 60 Gb of data , whereas July produced million reads 59 Gb of data as a single-end. The high-quality single-end reads with an average quality score of 38 were selected for the transcriptome assembly after trimming off the low-quality bases and adapters from the June and July data sets Table S2.

The assembly was evaluated with BUSCO to assess the transcriptome assembly by measuring the completeness of the transcriptome based on evolutionary present universal single-copy orthologs. The number of up- and down-regulated genes, along with the total number of genes obtained in each sample comparison, are listed in Table 1.

We used RSEM for the quantification of the genes. The count matrix generated we then taken as the input by edgeR. The downstream analysis resulted in the identification of a total of 14, genes in which were up-regulated and were down-regulated.

For each of the analysis, the total number of genes ranged from to The number of genes up-regulated was in a range of to and down-regulated genes were spans from to It is likely that the cv.

Bianca faces a limitation of resources around the third week of June, when the first sampling of the plant material was made and, that in a month, it reaches its maximum peak, corresponding to the second sampling period when the drop of inflorescence buds started. The figure shows 37, genes were common among all the seasons which might have a role in the developmental process rather than the alternate bearing.

This comparison can also avoid factors like physiological and developmental changes that might occur in the bud during the two different time points June and July. Table S4. These enzymes are involved in the formation of carbohydrate reserves [29].

Figure 2. Figure shows the Mapman pathways in sucrose-starch metabolism. Individual genes were represented by small squares. The color scale indicates the log2 FC value. On the contrary, the expression of S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methyltransferases was repressed. Genes , 11, 8 of 20 3. In contrast, we identified some GO-terms that were up-regulated in response to alternate bearing, such as nutrients ion transport, ABA catabolic process, gibberellin catabolic process, amino acid transmembrane transport and carbohydrate metabolic process Figure S4.

The genes involved in hormone-related categories are summarized in Figure 3. Figure 3. Relating to ABA there was an up-regulation in abscisic acid insensitive 3, lipid transfer protein 3, shaker potassium ion channel, SNF1, potassium transport 3, phosphotransmitter 4 and Carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 1.

Genes , 11, 9 of 20 3. Figure 4. Similarly, we also found that the inflorescence buds of bearing and non-bearing pistachio shoots differed in their carbohydrate storage and mobilization patterns, suggesting that the in-season carbon mobilization might influence the flower bud abscission directly or indirectly linked to the alternate bearing.

Figure 5. The red circle represents the value of log2 fold change. The line indicates the effects on carbohydrate levels driven by differential expression of different CHO metabolism genes. Discussion The growth of the endocarp of the cultivar Bianca is from the first week of May to the end of June, while the growth of the embryo is from the first week of July to the end of August [1].

The relationships between the flower bud drops linked to alternate bearing and the carbohydrate storage have been mentioned in several studies [2,5,13,30]. The role of individual sugars in the process of inflorescence bud abscission has not yet been investigated [2]. The raffinose family of oligosaccharides has a wide range of predicted functions and are currently emerging as crucial molecules during stress response in plants [34], because of their membrane-stabilizing, antioxidant and, perhaps, predictable signaling functions [35].

They participate in several cellular functions, such as transport and storage of sugars [36], signaling molecule following pathogen attack and wounding [37], signal transduction [38], membrane trafficking [39] and mRNA export [40].

MIOX2 plays a prominent role in the oxidation of inositol for the needs of the plant in different tissues and it is involved in the biosynthesis of nucleotide sugar precursors for cell-wall matrix polysaccharides [41]. In source leaves, T6P fine-tunes sucrose levels by adjusting sucrose synthesis, while it regulates Sucrose consumption in sink organs, probably acting via multiple mechanisms, including inhibition of the SnRK1 gene [43]. T6P regulates growth in relation to sucrose supply by adjusting biosynthetic reactions and through regulating hormone signaling like auxin either directly or indirectly [44].

In the pistachio tree, it has been demonstrated that the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is greater in inflorescence buds of non-bearing branches, compared to the ones of the bearing branches [10], and that the nutrient contents of the trees and annual nutrient consumption are influenced by the alternate bearing [10].

Competition between flower buds and developing nuts for N might play an important role. However, the information on the effects of fruiting on nutrient concentrations of different organs of pistachio trees relative to bud abscission is limited. Sugar phosphates transformed into sucrose and transport to fruit. This can reduce the sugar phosphates in the source tissues of trees with strong sink tissue such as fruit. A similar decline in photosynthesis due to leaf aging has been reported for apple trees [49] and olive trees [46].

In plants, nutrient limitation due to sink competition leading to sugar starvation is perceived as nutritional stress and generate changes in the redox status promote the synthesis of free radicals which can cause transient oxidative stress due to an increase of ROS generation [50], that can be neutralized by some adaptive mechanisms which can protect the cells from oxidative damage. The cells subjected to sugar starvation at the beginning try to adapt to this deficiency through a gradual metabolic reorganization that implies the substitution of carbohydrate metabolism by protein and lipid metabolism and that change may cause autophagy [51].

Variations in sugar levels induce changes in ROS production and sugar starvation can cause the activation of ROS production, as indicated by transcriptome profiling analysis, where sucrose starvation results in activation of oxidative stress genes, such as catalase [52]. The free polyamines could have an important physiological function in the development of flower bud abscission, which causes alternate bearing in pistachio trees [13].

It is possible that a decrease in N concentrations in plant tissues may cause a decrease in polyamines, as they can represent nitrogenous sources or as signal molecules that regulate the fruitlet abscission process in grapevine [55]. Many studies have highlighted that abscission or ethylene biosynthesis can be delayed with low levels of S-adenosylmethionine SAM.

During this phase, PAs and ethylene compete and PAs can become dominant. The low concentrations of PAs can trigger the senescence and cause abscission [56]. These references, along with our results, support the fact that polyamines could play a crucial role in the inflorescence bud abscission of pistachio.

A high level of polyamines is known to act as antisenescence agents and counteract the activity of abscisic acid and ethylene [57]. The competition between polyamines and ethylene pathways for S-adenosil methionine AdoMet or the inhibition of ACC syntase or ethylene forming enzyme EFE by polyamines can result in a mechanism that can modulate physiological events, including senescence and flower bud abscission.

Exogenous application of auxins prevented inflorescence bud abscission in pistachio [60]. In another study conducted in citrus the auxin amount is in a positive relationship with abscission by causing a delay of abscission, resulting in improvement in fruit quality and yield.

Our study shows that auxin conjugates play an important role in IAA metabolism, temporary storage reserves and inflorescence bud abscission. SnRK1 and TOR can target phosphorylation substrates to sense energy and nutrient levels and coordinate transcriptome, metabolism, cell growth and development [64]. TOR signaling plays an important role in stem and progenitor cell function and regulation that modulate proliferation and maintenance, cell-cell interactions and sink-source organ communication.

There are several studies reporting the involvement of ABA biosynthesis or ethylene perception critical for sugar signaling [65]. The ethylene signal is transmitted via a pathway that includes a transcriptional cascade, and EIN3 has been identified as a critical component within this cascade [66]. The regulation of EIN3 by ethylene and sugar indicates the cross talk between the two signaling pathways.

Interestingly, in barley, the antagonism between ABA and GA has been demonstrated to be an essential factor controlling the metabolism in aleurone cells and the PCD. In studies on abiotic stress, responses showed the involvement of polyamines in PCD through the production of hydrogen peroxide H2 O2 and Nitrogen oxide NO [68]. H2 O2 accumulation can cause the induction of PCD or stress tolerance, depending on the levels of intracellular Pas [70].

It is well known in both animals and plants that peroxisome PEX genes are induced by the universal stress signal, H2 O2 [74]. It has been found that BTS may act as an E3 ligase, which catalyzes the final step in the protein ubiquitination via the 26S proteasome [75]. Auxin related genes, on the contrary, are up-regulated, indicating a possible accumulation of this hormone, inducing cell growth and perhaps the down-regulation of TOR.

The oxidization of polyamines, such as Spd, occurs in the apoplast at a slow rate, with moderate production of H2 O2 , which activates the ROS-dependent protective pathway that does not trigger PCD or autophagy [78] Figure 6. Figure 6. Red shows the up-regulated genes and blue shows the down-regulated genes. In this situation the inflorescence buds do not occur. TOR signaling networks seem involved in cell-cell interactions, sink-source organ communication and autophagy [78].

Furthermore, in conjunction with low PA expression, down-regulation of auxin was also found resulting altogether in flower bud abscission Figure 7. Interestingly it seems that in pistachio exogenous application of PA can reduce many physiological disorders and inflorescence bud abscission [57,79], and preliminary experiments are currently being carried out in the cultivar Bianca to detect the dose and the timing of treatment. Figure 7. These results highlighted how the lack of resources carbohydrates and mineral elements in P.

This study provided further support to the theory of shoot autonomy in pistachio with regards to flower bud abscission and identified key genes and hormones associated with inflorescence bud abscission, the knowledge of which could also lead, in future, to a reduction of the inflorescence buds drop, through the development of biomarkers, and the possibility to modulate the alternate bearing.

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture —, Printed in the Netherlands. Siirt A. Siirt have been examined. Excised zygotic embryos that germinated in vitro were used as rootstocks. Current year shoot tips from mature trees of pistachio micrografted onto in vitro juvenile rootstocks, resulted in the restoration of shoot- bud proliferation. Variables tested include a size of microscion, grafting method, effects of culture medium and effects of time of the year at which shoot tips were used.

The results indicate that the easiest and most successful method for grafting was slit micrografting. High levels of micrograft take were achieved with 2—4 mm The survival rate of the shoot tips was directly related to time of the year. The best growth of microscion was obtained with the in vitro forced shoot tips rather than with shoot tips excised from tree. Slow growth and lack of axillary shoot development on the micrografts was noticeable when the micrografts were cultured on hormone-free and germination medium.

In vitro micrografted plantlets were successfully weaned and no problems were encountered with the establishment of micrografted plants in vivo. Pistacia vera L. There has been some success in widely in the Mediterranean regions of Europe and establishment of mature pistachios by direct organo- North Africa, the Middle East, China and California.

Until recently, seeds were , ; Onay, a, b. There is only one rarely obtained from controlled crosses between se- report of axillary shoot formation and plantlet re- lected clones. Since pistachio is a natural outbreeder generation from explants of mature material Onay, much genetic variation exists in seedling populations.

The first attempts to rejuvenate mature ma- Because of difficulties in rooting cuttings of pista- terials by micrografting in vitro mature scion shoot- chio cultivars Al Barazi and Schwaba, grafting tips onto juvenile P. However, very slow growth of method for vegetative propagation. Micrografting was investigated in vitro as well Hansman and Owens y de Novoa , Barghchi as in vivo by Abousalim and Mantell but re- and Alderson , Onay and Jeffree and juvenation was not reported when mature trees were Onay The initiation of cultures from ma- used as scions.

The grafted plants were cultured used to raise in vitro seedlings for rootstocks. Mature on fresh MS medium containing 2. After partial The effect of time of the year on micrografting was in- trimming of the cotyledons, the embryos were cultured vestigated for February, April, June, October, August in Magenta GA 7 vessels Chicago Corp. Scions were 4—6 mm sterile shoot tips.

Success- east Turkey. Seven to 9 weeks after tion. The regenerated shoots from the forced shoot tips micrografting, established plants were transferred to were micropropagated, and subcultured every 3 weeks soil.

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Upload File. JPeMu Machines. Project Amber. BFMulator Machines. Client Area. FME Sites. Resource Websites. Pick whichever one you prefer. It took too long to get them both buzzed-up. As ever, use MFME6. Huge thanks goes out to the following people. Reg: For the classic. X: For the artwork, and reel images. Shortcuts for both layouts are:. Fuck off. You really are a tool! Many thanks. Share More sharing options Followers 0.

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Optiplex usb 64bit Driver Download. Unfortunately, I didn t find any device fulfilling my needs. Year, many quality of professional studios. Email Phonic was pleasantly surprised with a cover on rg. View the early 80s, very easy and sample rates. While Phonic is yet to develop a Linux driver for their Helix Board and FireWire devices, many customers have reportedly been using the fantastic driver found on rg.

Capable of the Professional Audio category. You do not have permission to edit this page, for the following reasons, The action you have requested is limited to users in the group, Users. I own both the Alesis and the Helix board Since its inception in , Phonic has become a leading manufacturer of professional audio products permanently perched on the cutting edge of both analog and digital technology.

Helix 24 Universal Input 4-Subgroup Mixer. I replaced a Behringer 18 channel with the Phonic 18U for the main purpose of recording and was pleasantly surprised with the sound quality. I use ASIO drivers and all channels. Make sure you've downloaded the latest drivers from Phonic they are pretty good about updating them , install, re-boot, and turn on the board usually helps, but you may not need to re-boot , then open Sonar.

Then close and re-open Sonar and you should have all of the channels - but you need to close out and re-open Sonar in order for the changes in the audio screen to take place. Click on "input channels" and make sure you see the 16 channels listed in the big grid in the middle of the screen.

So, as long as you find channels 1, 3, 5, That's a weird way of saying it, but channel 4 is 3R, channel 16 is 15R, and channel 8 is 7R. All of the "L" in Sonar correlate to the physical actual number, so channel 7 on the board is 7L in Sonar, channel 3 on the board is 3L in Sonar.

Asio is much better than WDM. I can't tell you why, but there are a million people on this forum who can tell you if you really want to know.

I hope this helps. Thanks to all who replied to help me Now it's recording time!!!! Max Output Level: I'll bet you have a inadequate a card. Most laptops do not have this kind of hardware if you're using a laptop.

What are you using to connect to the audio box? Sounds like your Phonic latency setting is too low. If you still get crackles at , try , and so on. So, open the panel, reset to , for example, close the panel, close Sonar, then re-open Sonar and try playback again. But for just playback, ASIO sample size is irrelevant. The action you count the disconnect and aim to oled display. For live recordings you can be applied to store, at.

Phonic is a leading designer and manufacturer of high performance professional audio products. Performance professional audio to store, the fix. The helix board 12 firewire, helix board 18 firewire and helix board 24 firewire are also not compatible with windows 7. You can also discuss and ask your questions about phonic impact Select the driver needed and press download.

Wmb1 wideband handheld microphone all rugged metal die-cast. Found on the fantastic driver for free online. Windows 7 drivers now exist for the following units. Phonic's diminutive firewire, all at screaming fast transfer rates. I haven't looked after linux driver for free. Set up to make any one has made the following units. Helix board 12 mixer pdf manual download.

So i invite everyone to home soon. Please don't hesitate to contact the vendor to query them to ask if their devices are supported on linux. User manuals, guides and specifications for your phonic helix board 24 universal music mixer. Matched with sonar x1 it works flawlessly. Is it a neve? No, but it works just fine for what we need.

I don't notice any noise on the preamps. As for gain, I have so much gain it is not funny. I am constantly padding mics down, what levels are you shooting for?

If you are shooting for in your digital system, as is now widely suggested being equivalent to 0 Vu you should be having none of those issues. That's another thread and there are good ones out there abotu tracking at low levels. I would guess that none of the gains on our board are up above halfway, and most are well below that. The build quality is not super tough, but certainly no worse than the mackie and behri stuff that is in the same range.

It is in a roadcase, so it stays protected, and so far has worked very well for us. As always, with audio and firewire, you are best served with a firewire interface with the TI chipset- I have had no problems with stability of the driver or anything when using my pcmcia firewire card which has a TI chipset. Phonic helix firewire. I have owned A phonic 18 for around 2 years now for strictly recording via Cubase and the Unit works great.

Great sound quality, Very low latency with the addition of a shorter firewire cable and has been dependable. On the Other hand what I have come to find is that only the xlr's inputs sound good. The 1'4" jack inputs are their for I don't know why, but they sound like trash. So I have a Phonic 18 and when In all reality it should be called a Phonic 8. Depends how you mean cascade Not sure about the PC world Also, I'm pretty sure you'd have to run each Helix on a separate Firewire buss I'm pretty sure a single FW connection would tank out on 64 audio streams.

A newbie here. Nice forum. Seeking some help. Just got a phonic helix 18 universal board firewire and usb but have been unable to connect it to my pc. Downloaded firewire drivers version 2. My pc has no antivirus and firewall is turned off. I've tried turning off both the pc and the mixer and turning them back on, uninstalling and reinstalling the drivers but no success so far!

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The modules looked like little silver cans, but these cans were tweaked for specific systems and made setup easier as they handled crossover and basic corrective EQ for the cabs.

Those are old cabs and need to be driven carefully. They won't take as much power as some newer amps can put it, but they can very loud on not a lot of power. Oh, post pics of those cabs! I'd love to see 'em. My first band bought a set of these. I remember riding home in the back of a borrowed pickup picking the cat hair out of my mouth Never could keep the hf diaphrams from blowing.

Once we upgraded to p's the bass player used one of the fh1's for his bass rig The good ol' days weren't all that good actually. That depends on your perspective! Unfortunately there just doesn't seem to be anything commercially made thats as good overall Quality and quantity of sound,flexibility,portability and price as The Peavey Project 2 for the working musician!

I actually found this forum while looking for plans for Project 2 's. I am still looking for good plans BTW! You might want to get out and see what's available. Quality of sound and portability were not their high points by any stretch of the imagination.

They made loud noise and lots of it. Yeah nothing says portable like over pounds a stack. Not counting the amps. I had some Fh-1s and the MF-1s back in the day. I remember stuffing a bar napkin behind the metal nameplate on the sub to keep it from rattling. Unfortunately what I had was not Project 2s. I had a pair of SP-1s. They lacked the MB2 mid bass cabinets. The main trick with SP-1s was not to run them below 60hz. I'd say Andy Aged Horse knows more about any setup both you and I know on his little finger nail.

No need to check them out, I serviced plenty of them in the "good 'ol days" and compared with what's available now there is no contest at all regarding sound quality. The mid level stuff today stomps on that stuff in sound quality. Just stomps. For multiple grand more you can get close to what you could do with a pair of Project-2s and some good subs. By the time you add in ALL the extra cabinets and power amps your no longer more compact or lighter,and your electric bill went up dramatically!

I also have a Question for You Aged Horse. Were you dealing with early models? Early SP-1s and to my knowledge all Lascalas of that era lacked this feature. As to the potential for a re-issue of a modernized version from Peavey, we can always hope. After all Klipsch already has put Lascalas back into production. They are an improved version too! The feature a 15 inch LF driver Like the Peaveys did as opposed to the old 12s that originally came with Lascalas.

I rather have Yamaha clubs with a pair of 18s then the Peavey any day. We all get attached to our old gear but sometimes it's better off to cut the cord. BJM, whily you might have an unnatural fondness for those speakers, there were plenty of speakers that were both more efficient as well as better sounding back then. You also feel free to insult me personally without knowing anything about me, or the products I have designed over the last 30 years in this industry I know a lot more about those speakers than you assume I do.

The bumped backplate had nothing to do with sound quality or efficiency either Bumping the plate increased X-mech to reduce warranty claims, that was the sole reason. You might look at some of the earlier cinema and stadium products by the pro manufacturers of the era, those designs were responsible for the majority of high efficiency technology as well as rudimentary LF pattern control.

A single pair of SRX's and 's would stomp the Projects in maximum SPL, distortion, flatness of frequency response, off-axis uniformity, high frequency response, size, weight, packaging, etc. It's not even close. Darn them pesky sinewaves! The oldest ones were particularly awful, and the original 22 diaphgram was heavy and the HF response was all over the map.

They were also MUCH cheaper to manufacture. Paste as plain text instead. Only 75 emoji are allowed. Display as a link instead. Clear editor. Upload or insert images from URL. Peavey MB2 plan?? Share More sharing options Followers 0. Reply to this topic Start new topic. Recommended Posts. Posted August 21, Sell Yours Now. Similar Listings. Pro Audio Power Amps Peavey. Used — Very Good. Seller on Vacation. This listing is temporarily unavailable while the seller is away. Local Pickup Only.

Joined Reverb. Message Seller. Secure Checkout At Reverb, your safety and security is our priority. About This Listing All are in great working conditions, very loud, all black widow speakers are recently replaced basically new.

The Boxer Rebellion was said to be a reactionary Chinese movement initially against the Manchu monarchy, but later on was supported by the latter to eradicate the invading foreign imperial powers of Europe. The Boxer Rebellion was the last failed attempt in monarchical China to repel foreign influence and integration into the world socio-political, and economic system.

The purpose of this essay will be to discuss the origin of the Boxers, the reasons for which the empire was crumbling, a brief description of the sequence of events during the rebellion, and the international relations dynamics related to the rebellion.

It lays the ground work for explaining the political ambitions of the peasantry and gentry Qing monarchy and subordinates of China in the late 19th century.

The 19th century, as Suishen Zhao puts it, was one hundred years of humiliation and defeat ranging from the Chinese defeats in the Opium War and the resulting self- strengthening of , to the Sino-Japanese War of , and of course the catastrophic Boxer Rebellion of Many scholars believe that the Qing monarchy was incompetent and corrupt. Zhao points out the pathetic track record of the Qing monarchy and the Republic of China after in international relations as they had signed unequal treaties with the foreign powers during the span of Theft and banditry were running rampant in the north-eastern region of China due to poor economic infrastructure and natural disasters ranging from drought to flood.

The interesting topic to discuss is how the government was able to save itself from blame by 2 Ibid. This is when the Boxers come in to play.

The origin of the Boxers is a complicated subject to explain correctly but a mix of the theories proposed by Tan, Esherick and Cohen can suffice. The anti-bandit Big Sword Society was maintaining order due to the weak state for the missionaries and converts while the Church exerted its influence on the state by having settlements and lawsuits 7 Chester Tan, The Boxer Catastrophe New York: Octagon Books, , The Big Sword Society would clash with newly converted bandits and their supporters and the Church would complain to Foreign Ministers to complain to the courts.

In , two German missionaries were allegedly killed by Big Sword followers and this gave European aggression the spark needed to encroach in China as much as possible. The Boxers, as known to us in history, are a product of all the above mentioned dynamics and more. It is due to famine, natural disasters such as drought and floods, weak tax distribution, massive unemployment, illiteracy, and the lack of a lawful society that the Boxers united under the ideal of nativism.

Their subsequent barbarism, although not justified under Confucian doctrines, was to be understood as their way to complain to the monarchy and the foreigners that change was needed. After the murders of the German missionaries, the Germans retaliated by burning villages to the ground and demanding that the imperial authority grant them a preferential lease agreement for 99 years to Kiaochau city of Tsingtao and Kiaochau Bay , Shantung province, railway and mining grants, and indemnity for the murdered missionaries.

The Russians, Germans and French had intervened on behalf of China to sign a peace treaty with Japan after the war, which gave the powers an excuse to have China return the favour in the times of need. This gesture was returned when the Courts approved the lease of Port Arthur, Talienwan Dalny , and the construction of a railway connection between the Greater Siberian line and the latter. In between the land-grabbing schemes of the Powers, the Emperor Kuang Hsu was starting to see a need for drastic reforms.

The virtual carving up of his country was worrisome not only to him but the entire populace from the peasants and the Boxers to the literati. The Emperor hired Kang Yu-Wei, a progressive and modern intellectual from Canton to carry out the reform of everything Qing. Edicts of reform were distributed throughout the land and involved modernization and reform of the military, the educational system, and the social, political and civil systems.

The literati and gentry were being undermined and downsized by the authority of the edicts of Emperor Kuang Hsu. Many military men were rendered useless, civil servants lost their jobs, and the Confucian methods were to be replaced by modern thinking.

The Empress was shrewd and wasted no time in having many of the leaders of the reform movement executed. The Empress still did not taste any real success in improving the situation of the backward society that she ruled. Her goal was to maintain a stranglehold on power and to keep her empire united at any cost. Recruitment was becoming easier as the magical, invulnerable brand of Boxer propaganda was very appealing to the famine-stricken and unemployed peasantry and ex- military men.

They gained influence and notoriety when they were officially sponsored and given the duty of maintaining local militias and forcefully removing the foreigners from Chinese soil.

Her aim was to maintain the status quo of Qing rule over China while gently suppressing dissent from the peasantry and obtaining the upper hand over the Foreign Powers in terms of influence and control over the people. With an empire destined to fall at a rapid pace, it is a wonder how the Empress was so overly optimistic about the capabilities of her regime. Some say that religion is the opium of the masses and perhaps power is the opium of monarchs.

The cunning and deception of the Empress was well demonstrated in the case of how she dealt with Yu Hsien, the Governor of Shantung. He was known to be a Big Sword Society member and active leader who tolerated the actions of the society and promoted recruitment. This was a very shrewd move by Tzu Hsi as she took away a problematic Governor from the troubled region of Shantung and replaced him with a loyal, foreign drill-trained and modernization-inclined Yuan Shikai.

While Shikai was governor, Hsien carried out attacks on foreigners by proxy. When the French complained about it, the Empress ordered Shikai to quell the violence which he did. A group that could be used and abused as the Boxers certainly could not have been headstrong.

Prince Tuan, the President of the TsungliYamen, forged a document that was sent to the Empress as an ultimatum from the Foreign Powers. The ultimatum was written to be favourable to the deposed Emperor which infuriated the Empress and she quickly instructed the court to announce a declaration of war against the foreigners as Tuan intended.

A peculiar aspect of the declaration of war document was that it did not demand the active support of all the provincial governments and as it turned out, the southern provinces stayed out of the 27 Victor Purcell, The Boxer Uprising Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, , Most of the anti-Christian carnage happened after the declaration of war as thousands of Christians, Protestants and many missionaries were killed mercilessly by the Manchu army and the Boxers.

Foreign diplomats were held hostage in Peking by the Manchu and Boxer forces while the Foreign Powers were left to strategize on how to attack and save the diplomats. The losses of the allies were men killed and 62 wounded. The Germans were not very interested in the relief as they were of their ports in the north. By 13 August the Allies defeated the opposition and saved the remaining Legations.

The Foreign troops returned the favour of savagery by raping, looting the people suspected of harbouring Boxers and burning down their villages. I use this for debugging mostly. For more information on module installation, please visit the detailed CPAN module installation guide. BUGS positioning of elements not pixel perfect. TODO paging - enable a single element to be nominated for paging so if it's content is too large to fit on a page it is continued on the next page. To install PDF::Boxer, copy and paste the appropriate command in to your terminal.

Fork metacpan. Keyboard Shortcuts. Global s Focus search bar? Bring up this help dialog GitHub g p Go to pull requests g i go to github issues only if github is preferred repository.

It has tapered cylindrical shape and made from wood Fig. A draw screw is used for drawn out the pattern embedded in the moulding sand. It is a pointed steel rod, with a loop at one end. Wooden mallet is used for striking the draw screw, also called draw spike. A mallet is used to loosen the pattern in the mould so that it can be removed easily. It is used together with draw spike Fig.

A gagger is used for reinforcing the moulding sand in the cope part of the moulding box. These are the iron rods or thick wires bent at one or both the ends. The bottom end of the gagger must be kept 5 to 8 mm away from the embedded pattern Fig. A rapping plate is used for lift the large and heavy pattern from the mould. It is a steel plate and firmly fixed to the top of the pattern by means of bolts and screw. Rapping plates are available in many shapes Fig. The clamps are used for holding the top and bottom parts of the mould so that the cope should not rise when the molten metal is poured into the mould cavity Fig.

A sprit level is used to keep sand bed, moulding box and table in horizontal position. It consists of an air bubble inside a curved glass tube Fig. Obtaining a Mould Cavity: 4 Steps Metallurgy. We use cookies We use cookies to personalise content and ads, to provide social media features and to analyse our traffic.

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Chisels are usually used with hammers or mallets. The blade of the chisel is made of steel or alloy steel, and the handle of the chisel commonly made of wood or metal. The chisel is very professional for woodworking, which can carve different shapes of wood.

We provide different types of chisels on Tool. Tweezers Tweezers are common hand tools for picking and gripping small objects such as medicine, metal particles, hairs, spines and so on.

The tweezers are composed of two levers, one end of which is fixed as the fulcrum and the other end is movable for gripping the items. Wallpaper knife It is a kind of knife, the blade is sharp, used to cut wallpapers and other things, and known as "art knife". It is often used in the areas such as decoration, advertising plaque industries and etc. Electrician knife An ordinary electric knife is composed of a blade, a handle, and a knife hanger.

When not in use, the blade can be retracted into the handle. The root of the blade is hinged with the handle, and there are scale lines and scale marks on it.

The front end is formed with a screwdriver bit. Both sides are processed with a file surface area. The blade has a concave curved blade. The end of the blade forms a blade tip. The handle is provided with a protection button to prevent the blade from rebounding.

Saw Including hand saws household, woodworking , cutting saws, folding saws the two are mostly used for pruning branches , hand bow saws, edge saws, longitudinal saws, cross-cut saws the last three are mostly used for woodworking. Cutting tool Wire cutters are one of common tools of it, which are a kind of clamp and cutting tool, which are composed of jaws and pliers handles. The pliers head includes jaws, tooth edges, knife edges, and guillotines.

Pliers Point nose plisers is also called trimming pliers, it is mainly used to cut single-strand and multi-strand wires with smaller diameters, as well as to bend single-strand pointed-nose pliers wire joints and strip plastic insulation. It is also one of the tools commonly used by electricians especially Is an inside electrician Electrician's pointed-nose pliers are covered with insulating sleeves with a rated voltage of V.

The operation method of using pointed-nose pliers and the bent wire connector is: first fold the end of the thread to the left, and then bend the screw to the right in a clockwise direction. Wire stripper Wire stripper is one of the tools commonly used by inside electricians, motor repairs, and instrument electricians. It consists of a knife edge, a crimping mouth and a pliers handle. Hot melt glue gun The hot melt glue gun has precise breaking effect and a variety of nozzles, which can meet the requirements of different production lines.

The unique filter design is good for cleaning. Therefore, hot melt adhesive machines are widely used in electronics factories, food factories, packaging factories, and other hot melt adhesive tape bonding products. Families have a very common perception: A good tool is handy thing to have in the house. In the daily life of a family, the use of hand tools is always inseparable.

A set of durable and practical hand tools will make your home life much more convenient. Therefore, next passage will share with you about how to choose household hand tools. Look for turbid oil stains on the surface. For hardware products, we must see whether the anti-rust technology is in place. Gold, silver, iron, copper, and tin are inherently easy to rust, which requires hardware tool manufacturers to have high rust prevention technology.

When purchasing, you can check whether the product will leave thick oil stains on your hands, whether the oil stains are muddy, and your hands will be sticky.

If so, it is generally unqualified. In addition, it can be distinguished by smell. If the product has an obvious, pungent odor, it is generally a product that has been overlooked in the production. See if the steel stamp is clear. Hardware products are generally printed with brand names, labels, models, etc. Generally, the fonts are very small, but most of the products produced by the factory use steel stamping technology, and the characters are pressed before heat treatment.

Therefore, although the fonts are small, they are deeply concave and very clear and obvious. However, the fonts of counterfeit products are usually blurry. Due to poor printing technology, the fonts are rough and floating on the surface, and some printing can even be easily erased by hand. See if the outer packaging is clear. The brand of the original factory generally has a dedicated designer to design the external packaging, and will only entrust or authorize the production to the factory that passes the production conditions.

The packaging is very clear from color blocks to lines. Some imported brand accessories have unique anti-counterfeiting designs designed to protect intellectual property rights. Listen to the sound of the product. Shake the product and listen for noise. That project introduced me to the traditional English chest, and I used it for travel and specialty tools for years.

Each of the previously mentioned storage options has its merits and its disadvantages. For many of us, the whole reason we build things from wood, other than the pure enjoyment we get from doing so, is to reduce the amount of plastic stuff in our lives. So why would anyone choose to store hand tools that they use for working wood in plastic containers?

In my case, the primary reasons were cost and convenience. When I set up my first workshop, I had no tools, and little money, just like many other new woodworkers. At the time, I was about 2 year out of college, and a new homeowner. I needed a workshop, not just for woodworking, but also for home improvement. I needed tools, not just for woodworking, but also for home improvement. There was little money available for anything but food and home improvement projects.

I did manage to scrape together enough for a few woodworking hand tools and a simple workbench. So, rather than storing my tools on the floor of the garage, I bought a set of plastic drawers. While most people would not consider these containers the ideal solution for storing woodworking hand tools, they were functional.

The tools are stored off the ground. The container was kind of a closed system, so the unit kept most of the airborne dust off the tools. Larger tools, like my jointer plane, that did not fit inside a drawer could be set on top. Plus, it was super inexpensive. Of course, there were plenty of disadvantages as well. The drawers certainly did not open and close smoothly. This problem got worse as the weight of the tools inside of the drawer increased. Tools would roll around and bang into each other.

There was little real organization. Plus, it was plastic! Eventually the plastic drawers cracked. The plastic frame broke. The entire unit basically became completely useless.

It served its intended purpose for the short time that it needed to. Portable toolboxes have been around for hundreds of years. Wooden chests were used on medieval sailing ships.

Pre-industrial joiners and cabinet makers built boxes to secure their tools and help move them when they changed shops. A portable toolbox can be found in just about every barn, shed, garage, and basement. They can be made of wood, metal, or plastic. They come in all shapes and sizes. They tend to be small enough that they can be picked up and carried from job to job. Some are stackable, or even rack-able, providing additional flexibility of organization and transportation.

Portable toolboxes are one of my favorite storage solutions — for my home improvement tools. I have one for carpentry tools; one for electrical tools; one for hand-held power tools; and one for plumbing tools.

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I may eventually upgrade to a PDA with wireless internet access the only additional feature I really wish I had , but for now I'm getting along fine with this more basic model.

Read full review. The Palm IIIxe isn't the newest device out there, but it is very sturdy and reliable. The operating system is also highly stable. It is easy to sync because the connections line up more easily than with the newer micro plugs that damage way too easily. There is tons of freeware all over the web for the IIIxe. The device itself has come down substantially in price so now it is a very powerful device for a very nice price.

No charging every night, no having to remember to bring a charger when you travel, no having to remember to put it in the cradle every day. The batteries last about 2 months even if you use it every day like I do. When they run low, the IIIxe tells you. Put in some new ones and you're good to go. I highly recommend the IIIxe to anyone that cares more about reliability, utility, durability and economy than flash.

For me, it is my office in my pocket. This bit of technology has become a friend to me. I have all the other gadgets that are more modern yet the Palm is still better for some things. I can shift documents, paste and cut to and from my computer. Skip to main content. Share - Palm IIIxe. Palm IIIxe 4. About this product. Make an offer:. Auction: Pre-owned. Stock photo. Pre-owned: Lowest price The lowest-priced item that has been used or worn previously.

There you'll see a list of checkboxes for available connection types. Make sure the boxes for any connection types you will be using are checked. If you're using serial, you will also need to assign the COM port indicated in Step 2b. Once your connection settings are correct, click "Done" and HotSync Manager will minimize itself back to the system tray.

For devices running Palm OS 2. This can be done from the HotSync Manager Applications tab. Click "Done" to accept changes and HotSync Manager will minimize itself back to the system tray. You can now add any apps you want to install through the traditional Install menu in Palm Desktop and run HotSync without crashes! Note that HotSync application settings are applied per-user account, so Package Installer will not be disabled for other devices synced to the same PC.

You can always view other account settings from the dropdown box at the top of HotSync Manager. With Palm Desktop installed and HotSync Manager configured to your connection type, you may now proceed. A window will appear prompting you to choose or create an account for your Palm, then begin transferring data. Now, if you're looking for things to install to your Palm device, why not browse PalmDB for some apps?

PalmDB is proudly hosted by fans for fans and is not affiliated with the former Palm Computing company or its current rights holders in any official capacity.

While we are not able to provide official support, if you appreciate our efforts to keep Palm alive, please consider donating to PalmDB! PalmDB is supported by visitors like you. Thank you! While there are many such devices on the market, this one has been tested and proven working for HotSync on Windows Serial-to-USB adapter on Amazon non-affiliate link Palm itself also released a licensed serial-to-USB adapter known as the "Palm Connect Kit", but this adapter is highly outdated and is unlikely to work with Windows You'll receive a prompt to launch HotSync, but don't do it just yet!

Instead, proceed to Step 3. Step 3: Install Palm Desktop This one's pretty straightforward. Step 5: HotSync! You just completed your first HotSync on Windows 10! Notice PalmDB is proudly hosted by fans for fans and is not affiliated with the former Palm Computing company or its current rights holders in any official capacity. Can't find it? Try Gingerbeardman's Palm app search engine! Donate on Patreon PalmDB is supported by visitors like you.

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Best answer selected by cresil. You must log in or register to reply here. Post thread. Question How much space does motherboard takes? Question Lets have a bit of fun Windows Question Motherboard died because of a surge through DVI?? Question Can somebody provide a guide for a safe undervolt on a x? Latest posts. Question [First Post] help upgrading my prebuilt Pc! Latest: Bob. B 10 minutes ago. Question Win 10 - Powerbeats Pro cannot stay connected. Latest: Androshi 12 minutes ago.

Asus Maximus Xi Formula Latest: avi8tir 19 minutes ago. Should I put paging files on each physical drive? Windows will handle multiple page files by maintaining a table where each memory page is located.

Where a page winds up, it depends largely on which volume was least active when it got paged out. You should ideally have your page files on your fastest drive. However, if you have a lot of RAM and rarely use your page files, you may want to put it on a mechanical hard drive to save space on an SSD. Was this reply helpful?

Yes No. Sorry this didn't help. Joined Jun 4, Messages 3, Things like paging and virtual memory are a must. I decided to keep a gig pagefile on the SSD for compatibility's sake and in case something like Firefox goes berzerk. The writes were frequent but tiny. Even with 32 gigs of RAM, an app can break bad and the pagefile is needed to restore an usable memory allocation scheme.

However, for spinner drives, I like to avoid fragmentation and slightly improve performance by identifying whether the first or last sectors are fastest usually the "leftmost" area and setup a 10 gig partition formatted in FAT I then set a gig pagefile there. Monkey God Mangina Full of Sand. Joined May 7, Messages 6, Why the hell are you reading articles about Windows ?

Is your OS Win2k? RogueTrip 2[H]4U. Joined Feb 22, Messages 2, After getting volmgr errors in event viewer i decided to turn pagefile on. Set the 16min-2gb max. That way i it wont use all the space all the time. If you set min-max the same does the pagefile pre allocate the size and just pad the file out. I would rather allow it more space on the drive to help lower cell wear.

I never let my samsung ssd make a 8gb unallocated space cause why not. ZoeTietkens n00b. Joined May 27, Messages 4. I had always heard that using a fixed size to the page file heard various amounts based on RAM and then defragging the drive would help performance.

Of course that was back in olden days when 8gb or more was pretty much unheard of. B00nie [H]F Junkie. Joined Nov 1, Messages 9, All those tweaks with the pagefile stem from the times when you had Gb of ram and only a spinning slow hdd at sata 1 or sata 2 speeds.

Back then it really made a difference if your pagefile was robbing spin time and sata bandwith. Sorry, was that too arrogant there at the end with the paying attention thing? You can spread the page file across disks, and you still won't beat the performance of a RAMdisk simply because the first has throughput and latency measured in megabytes and microseconds while the second uses gigabytes and nanoseconds.

A RAMdisk will have already completed several read and write transactions long before the disk even queues to a single request. So, which is it? Joined Mar 8, Messages It won't grow in size, it'll remain static at MB in size but it'll be there..

Yea, well, Tiberian, you ain't telling me much I don't already know. Have already tried pagefile on each HDD before years ago. Gamers are tweakers so of course I have tried all kinds of tricks to get better performance over the years.

Telling people to leave it alone as if they are children is condescending and not wanted or appreciated. If I mess things up I know how to fix it and experimenting is how people learn.

MY PC is not a toaster. Geez, if I wanted to be labeled so much and so often I wouldn't get on the Internet, go figure. As stated, "leave it alone" is a philosophy - it doesn't mean you can't use the computer or the OS, it just means if you're not that inclined then leave it alone because it really does work best when it's allowed to do what it's written to do by design.

Framerate is life, as we old Quake players used to say, but with respect to a game in action your storage media ain't really gonna make that much of a difference - note that I said when the game is in action meaning when it's running.

Take the advice, don't take the advice, it's up to you but really, don't lambast those that at least try to provide accurate and useful information - that would end up having you labeled as dismissive and disrespectful when someone with more knowledge and experience is offering up info that you came around asking for. And with that, I leave you alone. It's not so much what you said but the way you said it I took issue with.

But it's ok and thanks for your opinion oh great PC guru.. What do you think of this app? Never used it but looks like it could be useful if the claims are true.

You can cancel at any time. Edit Close. Become a Member. Read Today's E-edition. Log In. My Membership. Share This. As featured on. NYC mayor considering virtual learning plan for schools. Most Popular. School closings and delays for Monday, Jan. Werewolf Ambulance is a horror movie comedy podcast. Allen and Katie watch horror movies from all eras and of all qualities and then discuss them in a not-so-academic way just as the name "Werewolf Ambulance" might imply!

The episodes do contain spoilers, so please watch the films before listening if that bothers you! Tune in for news, rumours, reviews, and more! The Bill Simmons Podcast. First Take. Adam Carolla Show. Comedy of the Week. How Did This Get Made? Doug Loves Movies. The Economist Podcasts. TED Talks Daily. World News Roundup. Daily Boost Daily Coaching and Motivation. Science Friday. This American Life. The city also scaled down their New Year's Eve celebration due to the high number of cases.

The city is also experiencing a nursing shortage as many test positive for the virus. Amid the surge, schools in New York City announced steps to ensure they will not have to shut down. Mayor Bill de Blasio announced Tuesday that the state will send 2 million at-home testing kits to schools that can be sent home to students if a classmate tests positive.

The city will also increase the number of random tests at each school. The numbers speak for themselves. And we are united to make sure they continue to be safe. The surge in New York City's cases coincides with a nationwide increase in cases fueled by Omicron, which is believed to be more transmissible than past variants.